THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT THINKING

Abstract

This article analyzes the theoretical and pedagogical foundations for developing students’ independent thinking. It examines the essence and content of the concept of independent thinking, its role in students’ intellectual development, and the possibilities for its formation within the higher education process. The significance of learner-centered, problem-based, heuristic, cognitive, activity-based, and competency-based approaches to developing students’ independent thinking is substantiated. The analytical, critical, creative, reflective, and decision-making components of independent thinking are also identified. Particular attention is devoted to the potential of heuristic learning, and pedagogical conditions for developing students’ independent thinking are proposed.