STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS AND MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES
Keywords:
Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs), Strengthening mechanisms, orowan looping, hall-Petch relationship, dislocation density, interfacial bonding, ultrasonic cavitation, powder metallurgy, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)Abstract
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNCs) represent a paradigm shift in structural materials, offering exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, enhanced thermal stability, and superior wear resistance compared to conventional alloys. These improvements are driven by the incorporation of nanoscale reinforcements (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and ceramic nanoparticles) into a ductile metallic matrix. This paper provides a critical review of the core strengthening mechanisms operating in MMNCs, including Orowan looping, Hall-Petch grain refinement, thermal mismatch dislocation generation, and load transfer physics. Additionally, it evaluates interfacial thermodynamics, processing challenges, and modern analytical models used to predict the mechanical behavior of these advanced materials.
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